I’ve run into a couple situations where it would be very helpful if an Action was able to reference the results of previous Actions in the Rule (and/or in very-recently-executed Rules, which apparently don’t get immediately committed).
The simplest solution would seem to be an Action to force all the “pending” Actions to be executed/committed before continuing.
AFAIK an automation that is triggered will execute all its actions in sequence. The changes in the first action step of a given rule should always be completed before the second step is started, and so on.
However, formula fields are calculated asynchronously, so it is possible that a change in an automation step can cause formula recalculations which do not resolve before the subsequent automation actions.